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Learn C The Hard Way (LCTHW) is a practical book teaching real world useful C using the same proven Learn The Hard Way method.Learn to think like the computer hates you, because it does.
LCTHW teaches real robust C coding and defensive programming tactics on real hardware rather than abstract machines and pedantic theory. The book emphasizes breaking your code on purpose, and in the process teaches a plethora of important topics like data structures, algorithms, and automated testing. If you've wanted to become a better programmer then you need this book.
Acknowledgments
This Book Is Not Really about C
The Undefined Behaviorists
C Is a Pretty and Ugly Language
What You Will Learn
How to Read This Book
The Videos
The Core Competencies
- Reading and Writing
- Attention to Detail
- Spotting Differences
- Planning and Debugging
Exercise 0: The Setup
Linux
Mac OS X
Windows
Text Editor
- Do Not Use an IDE
Exercise 1: Dust Off That Compiler
Breaking It Down
What You Should See
How to Break It
Extra Credit
Exercise 2: Using Makefile s to Build
Using Make
What You Should See
How to Break It
Extra Credit
Exercise 3: Formatted Printing
What You Should See
External Research
How to Break It
Extra Credit
Exercise 4: Using a Debugger
GDB Tricks
GDB Quick Reference
LLDB Quick Reference
Exercise 5: Memorizing C Operators
How to Memorize
The List of Operators
Exercise 6: Memorizing C Syntax
The Keywords
Syntax Structures
A Word of Encouragement
A Word of Warning
Exercise 7: Variables and Types
What You Should See
How to Break It
Extra Credit
Exercise 8: If , Else-If, Else
What You Should See
How to Break It
Extra Credit
Exercise 9: While-Loop and Boolean Expressions
What You Should See
How to Break It
Extra Credit
Exercise 10: Switch Statements
What You Should See
How to Break It
Extra Credit
Exercise 11: Arrays and Strings
What You Should See
How to Break It
Extra Credit
Exercise 12: Sizes and Arrays
What You Should See
How to Break It
Extra Credit
Exercise 13: For-Loops and Arrays of Strings
What You Should See
Understanding Arrays of Strings
How to Break It
Extra Credit
Exercise 14: Writing and Using Functions
What You Should See
How to Break It
Extra Credit
Exercise 15: Pointers, Dreaded Pointers
What You Should See
Explaining Pointers
Practical Pointer Usage
The Pointer Lexicon
Pointers Aren't Arrays
How to Break It
Extra Credit
Exercise 16: Structs and Pointers to Them
What You Should See
Explaining Structures
How to Break It
Extra Credit
Exercise 17: Heap and Stack Memory Allocation
What You Should See
Heap versus Stack Allocation
How to Break It
Extra Credit
Exercise 18: Pointers to Functions
What You Should See
How to Break It
Extra Credit
Exercise 19: Zed's Awesome Debug Macros
The C Error-Handling Problem
The Debug Macros
Using dbg.h
What You Should See
How the CPP Expands Macros
Extra Credit
Exercise 20: Advanced Debugging Techniques
Debug Printing versus GDB
A Debugging Strategy
Extra Credit
Exercise 21: Advanced Data Types and Flow Control
Available Data Types
- Type Modifiers
- Type Qualifiers
- Type Conversion
- Type Sizes
Available Operators
- Math Operators
- Data Operators
- Logic Operators
- Bit Operators
- Boolean Operators
- Assignment Operators
Available Control Structures
Extra Credit
Exercise 22: The Stack, Scope, and Globals
ex22.h and ex22.c
ex22_main.c
What You Should See
Scope, Stack, and Bugs
How to Break It
Extra Credit
Exercise 23: Meet Duff's Device
What You Should See
Solving the Puzzle
- Why Bother
Extra Credit
Exercise 24: Input, Output, Files
What You Should See
How to Break It
The I / O Functions
Extra Credit
Exercise 25: Variable Argument Functions
What You Should See
How to Break It
Extra Credit
Exercise 26: Project logfind
The logfind Specification
Exercise 27: Creative and Defensive Programming
The Creative Programmer Mind-Set
The Defensive Programmer Mind-Set
The Eight Defensive Programmer Strategies
Applying the Eight Strategies
- Never Trust Input
- Prevent Errors
- Fail Early and Openly
- Document Assumptions
- Prevention over Documentation
- Automate Everything
- Simplify and Clarify
- Question Authority
Order Is Not Important
Extra Credit
Exercise 28: Intermediate Makefile s
The Basic Project Structure
Makefile
- The Header
- The Target Build
- The Unit Tests
- The Cleaner
- The Install
- The Checker
What You Should See
Extra Credit
Exercise 29: Libraries and Linking
Dynamically Loading a Shared Library
What You Should See
How to Break It
Extra Credit
Exercise 30: Automated Testing
Wiring Up the Test Framework
Extra Credit
Exercise 31: Common Undefined Behavior
UB 20
- Common UBs
Exercise 32: Double Linked Lists
What Are Data Structures
Making the Library
Doubly Linked Lists
- Definition
- Implementation
Tests
What You Should See
How to Improve It
Extra Credit
Exercise 33: Linked List Algorithms
Bubble and Merge Sort
The Unit Test
The Implementation
What You Should See
How to Improve It
Extra Credit
Exercise 34: Dynamic Array
Advantages and Disadvantages
How to Improve It
Extra Credit
Exercise 35: Sorting and Searching
Radix Sort and Binary Search
- C Unions
- The Implementation
RadixMap_find and Binary Search
RadixMap_sort and radix_sort
How to Improve It
Extra Credit
Exercise 36: Safer Strings
Why C Strings Were a Horrible Idea
Using bstrlib
Learning the Library
Exercise 37: Hashmaps
The Unit Test
How to Improve It
Extra Credit
Exercise 38: Hashmap Algorithms
What You Should See
How to Break It
Extra Credit
Exercise 39: String Algorithms
What You Should See
Analyzing the Results
Extra Credit
Exercise 40: Binary Search Trees
How to Improve It
Extra Credit
Exercise 41: Project devpkg
What Is devpkg
- What We Want to Make
- The Design
- The Apache Portable Runtime
Project Layout
Other Dependencies
The Makefile
The Source Files
- The DB Functions
- The Shell Functions
- The Command Functions
- The devpkg Main Function
The Final Challenge
Exercise 42: Stacks and Queues
What You Should See
How to Improve It
Extra Credit
Exercise 43: A Simple Statistics Engine
Rolling Standard Deviation and Mean
Implemention
How to Use It
Extra Credit
Exercise 44: Ring Buffer
The Unit Test
What You Should See
How to Improve It
Extra Credit
Exercise 45: A Simple TCP / IP Client
Augment the Makefile
The netclient Code
What You Should See
How to Break It
Extra Credit
Exercise 46: Ternary Search Tree
Advantages and Disadvantages
How to Improve It
Extra Credit
Exercise 47: A Fast URL Router
What You Should See
How to Improve It
Extra Credit
Exercise 48: A Simple Network Server
The Specification
Exercise 49: A Statistics Server
Specification
Exercise 50: Routing the Statistics
Exercise 51: Storing the Statistics
The Specification
Exercise 52: Hacking and Improving Your Server
Next Steps
Index
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